Possible involvement of PKC/MAPK pathway in the regulation of GnRH by dietary arachidonic acid in the brain of male tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis

Our previous studies have indicated that dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) significantly affects the gonadal steroidogenesis in the marine teleost tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis, and this effect was more positive in male fish than in female fish (Aquaculture, 468, 378–385). As a following up study, the present study was further aimed at investigating the possible mechanisms in the brain mediating the effects of dietary ARA on gonadal steroidogenesis. A 70‐day feed trial was repeated with two‐year‐old tongue sole, using three experimental diets with graded levels of ARA, 0.34%, 2.53%, and 9.63% of total fatty acids. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 23 fish (15 males and 8 females). The results confirmed the positive effect of dietary ARA on testosterone production in male fish. The concentration of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) in serum responded to dietary ARA in a similar pattern with the testosterone concentration, but the concentration of gonadotrophin in serum was not affected by dietary ARA. The response of gene expression of PKCβ, ARRB1, ARRB2, ERK2 and ATF3 in the brain to dietary ARA was in good agreement with those of GnRH and testosterone, indicating the possible involvement of PKC‐ARRB‐ERK‐ATF3 pathway in signalling transduction of GnRH. However, the PI3K/Akt and TLR/NF‐κB pathways may not be directly involved in the regulation of GnRH metabolism by ARA. This is the first study reporting the possible involvement of PKC/MAPK pathways in regulation of reproductive endocrine processes by long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in brain of marine fish.     

Using fish models to investigate the links between microbiome and social behaviour: The next step for translational microbiome research?

Recent research has revealed surprisingly important connections between animals’ microbiome and social behaviour. Social interactions can affect the composition and function of the microbiome; conversely, the microbiome affects social communication by influencing the hosts’ central nervous system and peripheral chemical communication. These discoveries set the stage for novel research focusing on the evolution and physiology of animal social behaviour in relation to microbial transmission strategies. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of teleost fish models and their potential for advancing research fields, linked to sociality and microbial regulation. We argue that fish models, such as the zebrafish (Danio rerio, Cyprinidae), sticklebacks (?Gasterosteidae), guppies (Poeciliidae) and cleaner–client dyads (e.g., obligate cleaner fish from the Labridae and Gobiidae families and their visiting clientele), will provide valuable insights into the roles of microbiome in shaping social behaviour and vice versa, while also being of direct relevance to the food and ornamental fish trades. The diversity of fish behaviour warrants more interdisciplinary research, including microbiome studies, which should have a strong ecological (field‐derived) approach, together with laboratory‐based cognitive and neurobiological experimentation. The implications of such integrated approaches may be of translational relevance, opening new avenues for future investigation using fish models.     

芒果中性/碱性转化酶MiNI基因的克隆与表达分析

采用RT-PCR技术克隆了1个编码NI基因的cDNA序列,命名为MiNI基因,并对不同来源的中性/碱性转化酶的分子特征及系统进化进行比较分析。结果表明：MiNI基因开放阅读框为2034 bp,编码677个氨基酸,相对分子量为76.6 kDa,理论等电点为6.24;生物信息学分析结果显示,NI二级结构α螺旋占38.85%,无规则卷曲占35.45%,伸展链占18.91%,β折叠占6.79%;MiNI具有glycoside hydrolase family 100结构保守域,与克里曼丁桔、龙眼、巴西橡胶树和番木瓜都具有一致的motif位点;MiNI基因编码的氨基酸序列与克里曼丁桔、龙眼氨基酸序列同源性最高;构建NI系统进化树分析表明,与芒果遗传距离最近的是克里曼丁桔,最远的是玉米和枸杞。qRT-PCR分析显示,果皮MiNI基因表达量远高于果肉;花后10~40 d,果皮MiNI基因表达量显著下降;花后40~100 d,果皮MiNI基因表达量维持在一个相对稳定水平;花后100~130 d,随着果实成熟,果皮MiNI基因表达量又显著上升;而花后10~40 d,果肉MiNI基因表达量显著下降,至果实发育后期果肉MiNI基因表达量始终处于极低水平。该研究为进一步了解MiNI基因在芒果果实蔗糖代谢过程中的作用以及从分子角度阐明芒果糖代谢机理奠定理论和技术基础。     

茶树新品种--梦茗

"梦茗"系从安徽省岳西县来榜镇优良地方群体种中采用单株选育法育成的适制绿茶新品种。经安徽省内品比、推广示范和全国区试,发现"梦茗"物候期与福鼎大白茶相当,属早生种。品质优异,全国区试3个点感官审评总分均高于对照;内含物含量高,氨基酸含量4.9%、茶多酚总量26.9%、水浸出物总量40%。产量高,品比试验高于福鼎大白茶26.45%,全国区试产量与对照相当。抗旱能力强,抗寒能力与对照相当。     

“金花散茶”及“金花菌粉”对被动吸烟小鼠肺组织JAK2/STAT3炎性及磷酸化蛋白表达的影响

为探究“金花散茶”及其“金花菌粉”对被动吸烟(Cigarette smoking environment,CSE)小鼠肺组织受损的预防及修复机制,建立C57BL/6小鼠CSE模型,以600 mg∙kg^-1剂量的金花散茶茶汤(Eurotium cristatum tea extract,ECTE)及金花菌粉浸提液(Eurotium cristatum powder extract,ECPE)进行灌喂处理。与CSE模型组相比,小鼠灌喂ECPE和ECTE后,肺组织病理学切片显示其可保护小鼠肺组织形态结构完整;酶联免疫分析显示,灌喂ECPE和ECTE可显著抑制小鼠血清IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β、IFN-γ和TNF-α表达量上调;Western blot结果表明,灌喂ECPE和ECTE对小鼠肺组织p-JAK2、p-STAT3、p-JAK2/JAK2、p-STAT3/STAT3高表达起到抑制作用。以上研究结果表明,灌喂ECPE、ECTE对CSE肺受损小鼠具有明显保护作用,总体趋势为ECPE组优于ECTE组、预防组优于治疗组。     

水稻抽穗期基因OsDof6功能的初步研究

【目的】以前期通过穗发育芯片筛选到一个水稻Dof家族转录因子OsDof6为研究对象,进一步探究OsDof6的表达模式与生物学功能。【方法】对OsDof6的基因、蛋白及启动子序列进行生物信息学分析,利用CRISPR/Cas9技术对该基因进行定点编辑,通过实时定量PCR和亚细胞定位技术分析该基因的表达模式。【结果】对该基因的启动子序列分析表明,该基因启动子中存在大量与光响应、激素响应及胁迫响应相关的顺式调控元件。利用CRISPR/Cas9技术获得了2种不同突变类型的功能缺失突变体9522^Dof6-3和9522^Dof6-4。对突变体T₁株系进行表型观察发现,相较于对照,两种突变体在营养生长阶段分蘖数明显降低,转入生殖生长阶段后,两种突变体的抽穗时间推迟约3 d。实时定量PCR结果显示OsDof6在水稻根、茎、叶和穗中均有不同程度的表达,在穗发育后期相对表达量明显提高;通过亚细胞定位分析发现OsDof6定位于细胞核。【结论】初步判断OsDof6基因会影响水稻分蘖数与抽穗期。     

麦/油-稻轮作下秸秆还田与氮肥管理对直播杂交稻氮素利用特征的影响

【目的】探明秸秆还田和氮肥管理对麦/油后直播杂交稻氮素积累、转运、氮肥利用效率及籽粒产量的影响。【方法】选用优质三系杂交稻宜香优2115,采用二因素裂区设计,麦、油茬田同步开展试验,处理完全一致。主区为麦/油秸秆全量翻埋还田(M₁)和秸秆不还田(对照,M₀),副区设4个氮肥管理,即不施氮对照(N₀)、m_基肥∶m_分蘖肥∶m_促花肥∶m_保花肥比例分别为1∶0∶0∶0(N₁)、3∶3∶2∶2(N₂)、2∶2∶3∶3(N₃),测定了直播杂交稻主要生育时期各器官的氮素积累量及籽粒产量。【结果】结果表明,两种轮作方式下,氮肥管理对直播杂交稻主要生育时期的氮素积累、齐穗后茎鞘、叶片的氮素转运及稻株氮素利用效率均存在显著或极显著的调控效应。秸秆还田显著提高麦/油茬杂交稻中后期的氮素积累量、茎鞘和叶片的氮素转运量以及氮肥利用效率,其中,氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥表观利用率较秸秆不还田分别提高了34.96%/28.76%、2.52%/2.61%和31.91%/22.30%。同时,油菜秸秆还田下直播杂交稻各生育时期氮素积累和产量较麦秆还田表现更好,籽粒产量提高481 kg/hm²(5.22%)。M₁N₂处理、M₀N₃处理下,直播杂交稻各阶段的氮素积累速率明显加大,促进结实期茎鞘和叶片的氮素向穗部转运,成熟期稻株氮素积累量优势明显且有较高的氮素利用效率(麦/油茬稻氮肥农学利用率、偏生产力和表观利用率分别达17.87 kg∙kg^-1/17.85 kg∙kg^-1、67.27 kg∙kg^-1/71.28 kg∙kg^-1、74.93%/75.05%),最终实现高产。【结论】在麦/油-稻轮作下秸秆全量还田,配合N₂氮肥管理,可有效提高直播杂交稻氮素吸收、利用效率,增加籽粒产量,尤以油菜秸杆还田的效果更好。     

混播比例和施氮肥对箭筈豌豆/燕麦草地根系特性的影响

豆科和禾本科牧草混播是栽培草地的重要模式之一,能显著改善土壤,提升系统可持续生产能力。牧草根系是土壤有机质返还的重要来源,但混播草地中牧草根系特性的变化尚不清楚。以箭筈豌豆和燕麦草地为对象,研究了不同施氮肥水平和混播比例下其根生物量、根性状的变化。结果表明:1)混播比例和施氮肥对草地根生物量和根性状有显著交互作用,混播草地根生物量显著大于单播;与高氮肥处理相比,根生物量在低、中氮肥处理下更高;高氮肥对根长、比根长、根表面积和比根面积在植物生长前期表现为抑制作用,在生长后期随混播中箭筈豌豆比例的增大,抑制作用减轻。2)混播条件下土壤硝态氮含量大于单播,而土壤铵态氮含量仅在乳熟期时大于单播,且随混播中箭筈豌豆比例增大,矿质氮含量增加;施氮肥对0~30 cm土层中的矿质氮含量有显著影响,其含量在施氮肥100 kg·hm^-2下最高,不施肥下最小。3)根生物量与土壤硝态氮含量间显著正相关,根长、根表面积、根体积与土壤硝态氮含量间显著负相关。综上,混播中箭筈豌豆比例的增加有助于改善土壤矿质氮,优化混播草地根性状。     

中亚天然气C线管道SPS仿真模拟

中亚天然气C线管道属于典型的输送压力高、流量大、管道跨度大、压气站数目多、输送工艺复杂的输气管道。为研究中亚天然气C线管道正常工况和事故工况下水热力参数的变化规律以及各种事故下管道的自救时间,采用SPS软件建立了中亚天然气C线管道仿真模型。模拟了正常工况下管道全线压力和温度参数,模拟结果与实际运行数据最大相对误差分别为1.90%和12.24%,验证了模型的可靠性;在此基础上分析了环境温度和管道粗糙度变化对全线输气效率的影响规律,确定了各种事故工况下管道最长的自救时间,可为中亚天然气长输管道运行管理提供参考。     

复硝酚钠与胺鲜酯对棉花化肥吸收率的影响

【目的】研究复硝酚钠(CSN)与胺鲜酯(DA-6)2种植物生长调节剂,分别和化肥复配施用对棉花化肥吸收率的影响。【方法】通过复硝酚硝与胺鲜酯分别和化肥复配施用,采集棉花2叶期、4叶期、6叶期各20株,测定棉株鲜重,干重,以及全氮、全磷和全钾含量,计算棉花3个时期的干物质比、氮吸收率、磷吸收率、钾吸收率,与CK相比较,分析复硝酚钠与胺鲜酯对棉花肥料吸收率的影响。【结果】复硝酚钠和化肥复配施肥后,棉花对肥料的吸收率在2叶期时氮、磷、钾吸收率分别提高了10.76%、0.87%和10.4%。4叶期时氮、磷、钾吸收率分别提高了18.5%、2.34%和24.86%。6叶期时氮、磷、钾吸收率分别提高了31.14%、5.33%和35.56%;胺鲜酯和化肥复配施肥后棉花对肥料的吸收率在2叶期时氮、磷、钾吸收率分别提高了8.31%、0.85%和9.25%。4叶期时氮、磷、钾吸收率分别提高了11.51%、1.48%和15.66%。6叶期时氮、磷、钾吸收率分别提高了27.11%、4.49%和30.31%。【结论】复硝酚钠与胺鲜酯与化肥复配施用,对棉花化肥吸收率有明显的促进作用。